Objective To identify the change trend of craniofacial features in China over the past 18 years，identify representative craniofacial features in Central China，and develop an updated typology of craniofacial features. Methods From May to November 2023，a stratified random sampling method was employed to recruit 3 547 adults from Central China. A total of 4 human body indexes and 19 craniofacial indexes were measured and established a craniofacial characteristic database. Hierarchical clustering algorithms were used to screen representative craniofacial indicators. Weighted generalized linear models were used to recognize the influence factors and change trends for craniofacial indicators. The binary panel was updated based on the bivariate distribution of face width and face length among Central China adults in 2023，while the principal component analysis（PCA）panel was updated based on the 10 craniofacial indicators. Results Hierarchical clustering analysis identified five categories of craniofacial indexes with one representative craniofacial index in each category，namely，head circumference，bitragion chin arc，lip length，face width，and face length. Weighted generalized linear models showed that age，gender，birthplace，and obesity status were important influential factors. Trend analyses demonstrated that compared with participants during 2005-2007 and 2010-2011，men in 2023 showed larger head circumference，bitragion chin arc，and lip length，but smaller face width，and no statistically significant difference in face length； while women in 2023 showed smaller bitragion chin arc，face length，and face width，and no statistically significant difference in head circumference or lip length. Results from typology study indicated that the existing craniofacial panel was no longer applicable to the current adults in central China. The newly constructed binary panel in central China divided the craniofacial region into 10 cells，with a total coverage of 97.24%（96.26% for males and 98.33% for females）and cell coverages ranging from 4.60% to 17.20%. The newly constructed PCA panel partitioned the craniofacial region into 8 cells，with a total coverage of 96.14%（94.28% for males and 98.21% for females）and cell coverages ranging from 9.42% to 14.91%. Conclusion Statistically significant changes in craniofacial characteristics were observed among adults in Central China，with age，gender，birthplace，and obesity status identified as key influencing factors. This study updated the binary panel and the PCA panel，which can be applied to the design and fit test of respiratory protection products.

Objective To investigate the regulatory role and molecular mechanisms of macrophage-derived melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5（MDA5）in SiO₂-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition（EMT）in lung epithelial cells. Methods In March 2024，16 male C57BL/6 mice were selected to establish a silicosis mouse model by intratracheal instillation of 50 μl of silica dust suspension（50 mg/ml）. The control group and silica dust group each consisted of 8 mice. After successful establishment of the silicosis mouse model，lung tissues from 2 randomly selected mice in each group were analyzed by single-cell transcriptome sequencing，while lung tissues from the remaining 6 mice were used for subsequent experiments.Single-cell RNA sequencing（scRNA-seq）of mouse lung tissue was performed to characterize MDA5 expression profiles and pathway enrichment in macrophage subpopulations. THP-1 cells were treated with silica dust suspension at concentrations of 0，50，100，150，200，and 250 μg/ml，followed by detection of MDA5 expression via Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction（qRT-PCR）. THP-1 cells were first induced to differentiate into adherent macrophages using 1 μmol/L phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate（PMA）. Following differentiation，the cells were divided into four groups based on treatment conditions，each with three replicates，and all treatments lasted for 24 hours. The groups were as follows: control group，treated only with RPMI-1640 medium，without silica suspension or siRNA transfection; silica group，treated with 250 μg/ml silica suspension，without siRNA transfection; silica+siIFIH1 control group，first transfected with 20 nmol/L negative control siRNA（non-targeting sequence for IFIH1）using a cell transfection kit，and after 48 hours，co-treated with 250 μg/ml silica suspension; silica+siIFIH1 group，first transfected with 20 nmol/L IFIH1-specific siRNA（siIFIH1 #3，with optimal knockdown efficiency）using the transfection kit，and after 48 hours，co-treated with 250 μg/ml silica suspension. After the above THP-1 cell treatments were completed，the original culture medium was discarded，and the cells were washed with PBS. Then，serum-free RPMI-1640 medium was added to continue culturing the THP-1 cells for another 24 hours. Finally，the serum-free RPMI-1640 culture supernatants from the four THP-1 cell groups were collected and used to treat A549 cells for 24 hours. MDA5 knockdown in THP-1 cells was achieved using siRNA to evaluate changes in the expression of inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α），interleukin-1β（IL-1β），interleukin-6（IL-6），C-C motif chemokine ligand 2（CCL2），and C-C motif chemokine ligand 3（CCL3）. A549 cells were treated with conditioned medium from THP-1 cells to examine the effect of MDA5 knockdown on the expression of EMT markers[E-cadherin，Vimentin，etc.] in A549 cells. For statistical analysis，comparisons between two groups were conducted using two-tailed unpaired t-tests，while comparisons among multiple groups were performed using one-way analysis of variance（ANOVA）followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Results Lung tissue scRNA-seq revealed significant upregulation of MDA5 expression（P<0.05）and enhanced pathway enrichment（P<0.05）in macrophages from silica-exposed mice. In THP-1 cells，both protein and transcriptional levels of MDA5 demonstrated dose-dependent elevation（P<0.05）following SiO₂ exposure. Knocking down MDA5 substantially attenuated the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators（P<0.05）in THP-1 cells. Conditioned media derived from THP-1 cells treated with SiO₂ promoted EMT in A549 cells while knocking down MDA5 in THP-1 cells inhibited the above effects. Conclusion SiO₂ exposure upregulates MDA5 expression in macrophages，triggering a pro-inflammatory cascade that induces EMT in lung epithelial cells，thereby driving the progression of silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis.

Objective To observe the effect of Lv-miR-204 on the expression of DVL3 and the inhibition of silicosis fibrosis in mice with silicosis，and to provide experimental evidence for the molecular mechanism of silicosis fibrosis. Methods In October 2023，72 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: the control group，the SiO2 model group，the recombinant lentivirus（SiO2+Lv-miR-204）intervention group，and the lentivirus（SiO2+Lv-NC）control group，with 18 mice in each group. The mice were killed after 7，14，and 28 days of dust exposure. HE and Masson stain showed pathological changes in lung tissue，and the content of hydroxyproline in lung tissue was determined using a hydroxyproline kit，and the expression levels of miRNA-204 and DVL3 in lung tissue were detected by Realtime-PCR. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the statistical differences among groups； when statistically significant differences were found，further pairwise comparisons were conducted using the SNK method. Results On days 7，14，and 28 after exposure to dust，the degree of lung fibrosis in the SiO2 +Lv-miR-204 group was significantly reduced； the determination of hydroxyproline content showed that the hydroxyproline content in the SiO2+Lv-miR-204 group was significantly lower than that in the SiO2 model group and the SiO2+Lv-NC group，with statistically significant differences（P< 0.05）； Realtime-PCR results showed that the expression level of miRNA-204 in the SiO2+Lv-miR-204 group was significantly higher than that in the SiO₂ model group and the SiO₂+Lv-NC group，with statistically significant differences（P<0.05）； Realtime-PCR results showed that the expression level of miRNA-204 in the SiO₂+Lv-miR-204 group was significantly higher than that in the remaining three groups，and the expression of DVL3 in this group was significantly lower than that in the SiO₂ model group and the SiO₂+Lv-NC group，with statistically significant differences（P<0.05）. Conclusion Overexpression of miR-204 can target and regulate the down-regulation of DVL3 expression level，thereby slowing down the progression of mouse silicosis fibrosis.

Objective To investigate the effects of chrysotile asbestos exposure on ribosomal DNA（rDNA）copy number variation and DNA damage response（DDR）in human pleural mesothelial cells（MeT- 5A）. Methods In April 2024 MeT-5A cells were exposed to chrysotile asbestos at doses of 2.5 μg/cm2，5 μg/ cm2 once a week for four weeks，and the cells were collected at weeks 1 and 4（P1 and P7）. The 45S rDNA copy number，5S rDNA copy number，ACER2，PA2G4，and ZNF385A mRNA expression were determined by quantitative real-time PCR（qPCR）assay. Cell cycle，apoptosis，and DNA damage in the cells were detected using a Muse cell analyzer. The data were statistically anayzed using SPSS 24.0 software. Measurement data conforming to normal distribution were expressed as mean±standard deviation. One-way analysis of variance was used for comparisons among multiple groups，and the least significant difference（LSD）t-tset was used for further pairwise comparisons. Results Compared with the control group，the 45S and 5S rDNA copy number in the 5 μg/cm2 exposed group increased at both P1 and P7 generations（P<0.05）. Compared with the control group，the mRNA expression level of the nucleolar protein ACER2 decreased in the chrysotile asbestos exposed groups at both P1 and P7 generations（P<0.05），while the mRNA expression level of ZNF385A increased in the 5μg/cm2 exposed group（P<0.05）. The mRNA expression level of PA2G4 increased in the chrysotile asbestos exposure group at P7（P<0.05）but decreased in the exposure group at P1（P<0.05）. Compared with the control group，the early，late and total apoptosis rates in the chrysotile asbestos exposure groups showed statistically significant differences at different time points（P<0.05）. Compared with the control group，the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase decreased in the chrysotile asbestos exposure group at P7（P<0.001），while the proportion of cells in the S phase increased（P<0.05），and the proportion of G2/M phase increased in the 5 μg/cm2 exposure group（P<0.05），with statistically significant differences. Compared with the control group，the DNA double-strand break rate in the exposure groups at P1 and P7 and the H2A.X phosphorylation rate in the exposed group at P7 increased，with statistically significant differences（P<0.05）. Conclusion Chrysotile asbestos exposure caused changes in rDNA copy number and mRNA expression levels of related nucleolin genes in Met-5A cells，inducing apoptosis，cell cycle arrest，and DNA damage.

Objective To compare the protective efficacy and influencing factors of 1100 foam earplugs and 1270 preform earplugs，and to investigate the spectral characteristics of sound attenuation for these two types of earplugs. Methods In January 2023，a cluster sampling method was employed to select 306 noise- exposed workers in the automotive manufacturing industry as study subjects. Basic worker information and hearing protection device usage were collected via questionnaire surveys. The 3MTM E-A-R fitTM dual-ear protection verification system was used to assess earplug suitability，with one-on-one training provided to workers who failed the baseline personal attenuation rating（PAR）test. The spectral characteristics of sound attenuation for both earplugs were analyzed using PAR50（with a protection rate of 50%）. Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square test/Fisher's exact probability method were used to compare the changes in PAR and pass rate of the two types of earplugs. Results The baseline PAR values M（Q₁，Q₃）for workers wearing 1100 foam earplugs and 1270 preform earplugs were 19（14，23）dB and 0.5（0，12）dB，respectively，and the baseline PAR pass rates were 84.8%（178/210）and 37.5%（36/96），respectively. The differences were statistically significant（P<0.001）. Age，years of service，noise exposure intensity，and correct wearing training had statistically significant effects on the baseline PAR pass rate of 1100 foam earplugs（P<0.05），but had no statistically significant effects on the baseline PAR pass rate of 1270 preform earplugs（P>0.05）. After the intervention，all workers passed the suitability test. There were differences in PAR₅₀ values at different frequency bands between the two types of earplugs. The measured values of 1100 foam earplugs at 125-250 Hz were lower than the nominal values，indicating poor protective effect； the measured values at 250-8000 Hz gradually approached the nominal values，indicating a better protective effect. The measured values of 1270 preform earplugs at 125-250 Hz were close to the nominal values，indicating a better protective effect； however，the measured values at 250-2000 Hz fluctuated greatly，and the measured value at 4000 Hz differed significantly from the nominal value，indicating a poorer protective effect. Conclusion The overall noise reduction effect of 1100 foam earplugs is better than that of 1270 preform earplugs. Training on wearing methods is crucial for improving the wearing effect，1100 foam earplugs require better wearing skills. 1100 foam earplugs have better protective effects in the mid-to-high frequency bands，while 1270 preform earplugs have better protective effects in the low frequency band.

Objective To investigate the three-dimensional distribution and associated risk factors of pulmonary function abnormalities among welders in Tianjin from 2020 to 2024，and to provide evidence for strengthening occupational health surveillance of workers exposed to welding fumes. Methods In May 2025，data were collected from the Tianjin Occupational Disease and Health Hazard Surveillance System on all active and retired workers occupationally exposed to welding fumes across all district-level administrative regions of Tianjin from 2020 to 2024. Their pulmonary function examination results were collected to describe the distribution characteristics of pulmonary function abnormalities by region，population，and industry category. A generalized linear mixed model was constructed using workers who participated in more than two pulmonary function tests from 2020 to 2024 to explore the factors influencing pulmonary function abnormalities among workers exposed to welding fumes. Results The prevalence of pulmonary function abnormalities among workers exposed to welding fumes in Tianjin from 2020 to 2024 was 12.29%（12197/99265），with the highest rate in 2021（20.29%，2567/12649）. The workers with pulmonary function abnormalities were mainly male（11628，accounting for 95.33%）and≥35 years old（7961，accounting for 65.27%）. The regions of Binhai New Area（6640，accounting for 54.44%）and the automotive manufacturing industry（2609，accounting for 21.39%）had the highest proportion of workers with pulmonary function abnormalities. The generalized linear mixed model analysis showed that males（ OR=1.91，95% CI： 1.56-2.33）and employment in small and micro enterprises（ OR=1.13，95% CI： 1.02-1.24）were risk factors for pulmonary function abnormalities（ P<0.05）. Each additional year of service was associated with a 2% increased risk of pulmonary function abnormalities（ OR=1.02，95% CI： 1.01-1.03， P<0.01）. Conclusion The prevalence of pulmonary function abnormalities among workers exposed to welding fumes in Tianjin is relatively high. It is necessary to strengthen occupational health monitoring for workers in key regions and key industries，and to continuously carry out monitoring of occupational hazard factors in the enterprises to protect the occupational health of workers.

Objective To explore the lag effects of occupational exposure doses on the peripheral blood lymphocytes micronucleus frequency in the radiation workers. Methods In October 2024，191 radiation workers who participated in occupational health examination in Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 2017 to 2020 were selected as the research objects to detect the micronucleus rate of peripheral blood lymphocytes. The 4-year exposure dose（mSv）was obtained. The distributed lag non-linear model（DLNM）combined with the generalized Linear model（GLM）model was used to analyze the exposure lag response relationship between the average annual exposure dose and the micronucleus rate of peripheral blood lymphocytes in 2020. Relative Risk（RR）was used to quantify the risk of radiation exposure to micronucleus in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Results The median annual exposure doses of radiation workers in 2017，2018，2019 and 2020 were 0.42 mSv，0.50 mSv，0.28 mSv and 0.20 mSv，respectively，and the maximum values were 7.72 mSv，5.41 mSv，4.09 mSv and 2.82 mSv，respectively. The median annual exposure dose decreased by 0.09 mSv（ R²=0.707），and the maximum annual exposure dose showed a significant downward trend（ R²=0.976， P=0.012），showing an overall downward trend year by year. The micronucleus rate of lymphocytes in 2020 was less than 6 ‰，and there was no micronucleus abnormality. Micronucleus rate higher than 1 ‰ accounted for 10 %. Based on the analysis of the DLNM model，the cross-base of the annual exposure dose was associated with an increase in the lymphocyte micronucleus rate RR after adjusting for gender and age（ P<0.05）. The RR of lag 3 years was 1.30（95% CI：1.16~1.45）at 0.40 mSv annual exposure dose. The annual exposure dose of lag effect was nonlinear with the micronucleus rate of lymphocytes，and the exposure-response curve was "J" type. When the annual exposure dose was higher than 3.00 mSv，RR increased exponentially. Conclusion This study found that low-dose radiation increased micronuclei occurrence after 3 years，and the annual exposure dose with lag effects on the lymphocyte micronucleus frequency was nonlinear，suggesting that to better protect the radiological occupational population，the annual exposure dose should be reduced as much as possible.

Objective To assess the appropriateness of half mask respirators for organic solvent- exposed workers and the influencing factors. Methods In January 2025，113 workers exposed to organic solvents were selected as the research subjects using a convenient sampling method. The general information of the workers was investigated. A handheld 3D scanner was used to measure 16 head-face dimensions of the workers，including head length and morphological face length. Then，the quantitative fit test instrument TSI Porta Count Pro+ 8038/8048 was used to conduct quantitative fit tests on the 3100，3200，and 3600 half mask respirators worn by the workers. The Chi-square test was used to analyze the differences in the pass rates of the fit tests for each model of half mask respirators，and binary logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing the test results. Results The overall pass rate of quantitative fit test for the three half mask respirators models for workers exposed to organic solvents was 77.9%（264/339）. The pass rates for Model 3100，Model 3200，and Model 3600 half mask respirators were 84.1%（95/113），74.3%（84/113），and 75.2%（85/113），respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the pass rates of the fit tests for the three models（χ²=3.80，P>0.05）. The four test actions of bending over，speaking loudly，turning the head left and right，and raising and lowering the head in the fit test had no statistically significant influence on the pass rate（P>0.05）. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the pass rate of Model 3100 was negatively correlated with head length and morphological face length of the workers exposed to organic solvents（P<0.05）； the pass rates of Model 3200 and Model 3600 for female workers were lower than those of male workers（P<0.05）. Conclusion The pass rates of the fit tests for the three half mask respirators for workers exposed to organic solvents are all relatively high. Head length，morphological face length，and gender are factors affecting the fit test of the half mask respirators.

Objective To explore the association between shift work and major depressive symptoms and assess the mediating role of sleep disorders based on observation study and Mendelian randomization（MR）analysis. Methods A convenience sampling method was adopted to conduct a survey on 1087 workers in a petrochemical enterprise in a city of Henan Province in April 2022. A total of 857 research subjects were included in the subsequent analysis after excluding the angualified research subjects. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between shift work and major depressive symptoms，and mediation analysis was used to evaluate the mediating role of sleep disorders. The GWAS summary data for MR analysis were obtained from the IEU Open GWAS project database. Inverse variance weighted method was used as the main analysis of MR analysis，and the mediating effect of insomnia and sleep duration between shift work and major depressive symptoms was assessed by two-step MR analysis. Results In the adjusted model，participants with shift work had a higher risk for major depressive symptoms[OR（95% CI）：1.91（1.34-2.73）， P<0.01]，and a higher sleep disorder score[β（95% CI）： 1.36（0.34-2.37）， P<0.01] than those without shift work. Additionally，sleep disorder score was positively associated with major depressive symptoms[OR（95% CI）：1.29（1.24-1.35）， P<0.01]. Mediated analysis showed that sleep disorders partially mediated the association between shift work and major depressive symptoms，accounting for 43.32%（95% CI）：10.43%-77.01%. Mendelian randomization analysis showed a significant causality between shift work and major depressive symptoms[OR=（95% CI）：1.23（1.13-1.33）， P<0.01]，and the mediated proportion of insomnia and sleep duration was 13.53%（1.93%-26.37%）： and 7.25%（0.48%-15.94%），respectively. Conclusion Sleep is an important mediating factor between shift work and major depressive symptoms，which indicated that improving sleep status of individuals with shift work may be an effective measure to reduce the incidence of depressive symptoms.

High-concentration acetic acid is commonly used as a food preservative and cleaning agent. Ingestion can lead to severe complications such as hemolysis，acute kidney injury（AKI），and shock. This report documents a case of accidental ingestion of 15 ml of 80% acetic acid at Subei People's Hospital affiliated to Yangzhou University in November 2024. The patient experienced throat-cutting pain accompanied by retrosternal and epigastric burning pain after ingestion. On the second day，the patient developed significant oliguria，prompting continuous renal replacement therapy. Over the next two days，the patient's serum creatinine rose to 171 μmol/L under continuous blood purification，with arterial blood gas indicating high-anion gap metabolic acidosis（maximum anion gap 20.9 mmol/L）and urine output of 124 ml/day-447 ml/day. The patient was discharged on the fourth day，with follow-up showing gradual recovery of urine output and renal function. Even small amounts of concentrated acetic acid poisoning can cause severe conditions like AKI，and active symptomatic treatment along with blood purification remain the primary therapeutic measures.

We report a case of reactive airway dysfunction syndrome（RADS）induced by occupational acute inhalation of mixed nitric and hydrofluoric acid vapors. The clinical manifestations，imaging and pulmonary function changes，pathological features and therapeutic course were mainly analyzed. The case illustrated that a single high level exposure to inorganic acid fumes could lead to RADS，underscoring the need for standardized glucocorticoid protocols and long-term follow-up to improve the prognosis of patients.

Objective To establish a gas chromatography method with solvent desorption for the determination of methylcyclohexanol in workplace air. Methods In February 2024，the workpace air samples were collected through Neutral silicone tubes，desorbed with ethanol，separated by a polyethylene glycol capillary columnmodifiedwith nitrophenyl terephthalic acid（DB-FFAP），and then determined by a hydrogen flame ionization detector（FID）. Results 1-methylcyclohexanol，3-methylcyclohexanol and 4-methylcyclohexanol show good linear relationships when the mass concentrations are between 1.15 -1840.00 μg/ml，and 2- methylcyclohexanol shows good linear relationship when the mass concentration is between 1.16-1860.00 μg/ ml（the correlation coefficient r was better than 0.9999）； the limit of detection（LOD）was 0.23 μg/ml，and the limit of quantification（LOQ）was 0.77 μg/ml，The lowest detection and lowest quantification concentrations were 0.15 and 0.51 mg/m3（measured by 1.5 L air sample）. The method showed a good average desorption efficiency which was 96.71% -99.47% ，and the relative standard deviation（RSD）of within-batches and between-batches were 0.51%-1.25% and 1.20%-2.45%. The air samples could be saved at least 14 d at room temperature and 4 Celsius degree without obvious loss. Conclusion This method has the characteristics of high precision，high desorbent efficiency，high sensitivity，and simple operation. It is suitable for the determination of methylcyclohexanol in the air in the workplace.

Objective To establish a rapid method for detecting 3-nitropropionic acid（3-NPA）in plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（HPLC-MS/MS）. Methods In May 2024，the plasma samples were extracted by precipitating proteins with methanol∶ acetonitrile（volume ratio 1∶1）. Then，they were analyzed using a C18 chromatographic column with a gradient elution using a 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile as the mobile phase，in the electrospray negative ion mode（ESI-）and the multiple reaction monitoring mode（MRM）. The method was quantified using external standards. The linearity range，sensitivity，accuracy，and precision of the method were verified. Results The HPLC-MS/MS method for measuring 3-NPA in plasma exhibited a good linear relationship within the concentration range of 1-50 μg/L，with a correlation coefficient of 0.9996. The detection limit of the method was 0.1 μg/L，and the quantitative lower limit was 0.3 μg/L. The recovery rate of the spiked samples ranged from 92.0% to 103.4%，and the intra-and inter-day precisions were 2.4%-9.1% and 2.8%-7.3%，respectively. Conclusion The HPLC-MS/MS method is simple，rapid，sensitive and accurate，and is suitable for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of 3-NPA in the plasma of patients with sugarcane poisoning or occupational exposed population.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis（IPF）is a chronic，progressive fibrotic lung disease. It is the most common form of irreversible interstitial pneumonia. The etiology of IPF is not fully understood，its detection，diagnosis and treatment options are limited，and its morbidity and mortality are high. Therefore，elucidating the molecular pathological mechanism of the occurrence and progression of IPF can provide theoretical basis for finding new targets for diagnosis and treatment of IPF. Non-coding RNAs have been confirmed to be involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes and play important roles in the occurrence and progression of many different diseases，including lung diseases. In this review，the role of the non-coding RNAs in the occurrence and progression of IPF and the exploration of them as clinical diagnostic markers of IPF are reviewed，with a view to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of IPF at the molecular level.